Getting started with e-Terminology
Introduction
Use e-Terminology for term annotation within a text. It can be used for detecting terms and enriching them with term related information.
The service provides access to the Tilde terminology services, providing terms from leading industry terminology databases such as EuroTermBank, Microsoft Language Portal, InterActive Terminology for Europe (IATE). Also provides the possibility of enrichment with external terminology databases. Currently supports terminology annotation with external resource AgroVoc. Other external databases on demand, contact Tilde team via langserv@tilde.com
Supports 26 languages via the Tilde Terminology service.
Quick links
Step 1 - annotate with e-Terminology
Annotates terms within the source text
HTML Request
POST /current/e-terminology/tilde?source-lang=en&target-lang=de HTTP/1.1
Host: api.freme-project.eu
Accept: text/turtle
Content-Type: text/plain
Language is the ability to acquire complex systems of communication.
Curl
curl -X POST -H "Accept: text/turtle" -H "Content-Type: text/plain" -d 'Language is the ability to acquire and use complex systems of communication. ' "https://api.freme-project.eu/current/e-terminology/tilde?source-lang=en&target-lang=de"
Result
Used textual syntax for RDF called Turtle. Result as Linked data (NIF + SKOS+ Ontolex Lemon)
@prefix cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#> .
@prefix : <https://term.tilde.com/terms/> .
@prefix void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix its: <http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its> .
@prefix itsrdf: <http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its/rdf#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix nif: <http://persistence.uni-leipzig.org/nlp2rdf/ontologies/nif-core#> .
@prefix tbx: <http://tbx2rdf.lider-project.eu/tbx#> .
@prefix decomp: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/decomp#> .
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#> .
@prefix ldr: <http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#> .
@prefix odrl: <http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/> .
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/way+of+life-en>
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/way+of+life-en#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/way+of+life-en#Sense> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/system-en#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "system"@en .
:TermComp-63377294-41ab-41fc-a06d-2f50f2989de4
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "Auflösungsvermögen"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:neuter ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-63377294-41ab-41fc-a06d-2f50f2989de4 .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Fertigkeit-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Fertigkeit"@de .
:TermComp-92dbbb04-9c9b-444e-839a-3a1d54eb8d46
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "Verbindungen"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:feminine ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-92dbbb04-9c9b-444e-839a-3a1d54eb8d46 .
:637573 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "FINANCE"@en , "ECONOMICS"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0303> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0300> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/24> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/16> .
:TermComp-c58256fb-6d2c-4fe5-bd16-02d5ace67da9
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "Nachrichtenverkehr"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:masculine ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-c58256fb-6d2c-4fe5-bd16-02d5ace67da9 .
:TermCompList-410bd5fa-a3eb-4f85-83c6-ec62e601c161
decomp:constituent :TermComp-2b153529-d228-455c-973b-13d60986371d ;
decomp:identifies :Komplex-de .
:395395 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "information and information processing"@en , "information technology and data processing"@en , "natural and applied sciences"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3236> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3606> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1501> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2000> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3231> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2100> .
<http://freme-project.eu/#char=43,50>
a nif:RFC5147String ;
nif:anchorOf "systems"@en ;
nif:annotationUnit [ rdfs:label "systems"@en , "system"@en ;
itsrdf:taConfidence 0
] ;
nif:beginIndex "43"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:endIndex "50"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:referenceContext <http://freme-project.eu/#char=0,68> ;
itsrdf:term "yes" ;
itsrdf:termInfoRef :1136704 , :519525 , :1136787 , :1159419 , :1136773 , :525260 , :404196 , :1136785 , :497037 , :498844 , <http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_330985> , :525977 , :589161 , :559926 , :780143 , :3448811 , :1232174 , :1136706 , :1232173 , :639431 , :2800909 .
:TermComp-88a693c5-c421-469c-bc95-88dd3df37d64
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "System"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:neuter ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-88a693c5-c421-469c-bc95-88dd3df37d64 .
:639354 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "FINANCE"@en , "ECONOMICS"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0303> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0300> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/24> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/16> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kraft-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Kraft"@de .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Sprache-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Sprache"@de .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kommunikationstechnologie-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Kommunikationstechnologie"@de .
:communications-en a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
tbx:reliabilityCode 3 ;
<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#termType>
<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#fullForm> ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/communications-en#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/communications-en#Sense> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/ability-en#Sense>
ontolex:reference :583736 , :525457 .
:TermComp-772af791-2a24-4812-8416-ee334276f2d0
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "Fähigkeit"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:feminine ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-772af791-2a24-4812-8416-ee334276f2d0 .
:525260 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "documentation"@en , "ECONOMICS"@en , "BUSINESS AND COMPETITION"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/40> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0301> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2003> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/16> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3221> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0300> .
<http://freme-project.eu/#char=0,68>
a nif:String , nif:RFC5147String , nif:Context ;
nif:beginIndex "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:endIndex "68"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:isString "Language is the ability to acquire complex systems of communication."@en .
:3448811 a skos:Concept ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1501> .
:Verbindungen-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Verbindungen-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Verbindungen-de#Sense> .
:Fertigkeit-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Fertigkeit-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Fertigkeit-de#Sense> .
:TermCompList-e8525481-da33-4118-83e8-429195ba47c3
decomp:constituent :TermComp-92dbbb04-9c9b-444e-839a-3a1d54eb8d46 ;
decomp:identifies :Verbindungen-de .
:TermComp-43279fac-7413-4235-915e-b8e6b7210e6c
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "Vermögen"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:neuter ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-43279fac-7413-4235-915e-b8e6b7210e6c .
:Sprache-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
tbx:reliabilityCode 1 ;
<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#termType>
<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#fullForm> ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Sprache-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Sprache-de#Sense> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/F%C3%A4higkeit-de>
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/F%C3%A4higkeit-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/F%C3%A4higkeit-de#Sense> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Qualit%C3%A4tsmanagementsystem-de>
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Qualit%C3%A4tsmanagementsystem-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Qualit%C3%A4tsmanagementsystem-de#Sense> .
:TermCompList-d81a9bf3-6687-4727-972a-f02174d2709c
decomp:constituent :TermComp-76ee613c-bfd7-42c9-ae8a-8bf5ada4e670 ;
decomp:identifies <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Verm%C3%B6gen-de> .
:TermComp-eac027d6-b63d-45a5-a2b1-ee5d5a66cbd7
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "Fähigkeit"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:feminine ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-eac027d6-b63d-45a5-a2b1-ee5d5a66cbd7 .
:1154711 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "Lenoch code: SO"@en , "interkulturelle Kommunikation"@en ;
tbx:definition "Verbindung, Zusammenhang; Verkehr, Umgang, Verständigung (zwischen den Menschen)"@en , "act of communicating; make sth. Known, convey sth.; exchange information, news, ideas, etc."@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2000> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3611> .
:TermComp-76ee613c-bfd7-42c9-ae8a-8bf5ada4e670
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "Fähigkeit"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:feminine ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-76ee613c-bfd7-42c9-ae8a-8bf5ada4e670 .
:2894218 a skos:Concept ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2000> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3611002> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/skill-en#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "skill"@en .
:TermComp-6e8655ab-6a16-4f44-9bce-9d99394062d3
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "Potenz"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:feminine ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-6e8655ab-6a16-4f44-9bce-9d99394062d3 .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/resolving+power-en#Sense>
ontolex:reference :391449 .
:Mitteilung-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Mitteilung-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Mitteilung-de#Sense> .
:525977 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "ECONOMICS"@en , "documentation"@en , "BUSINESS AND COMPETITION"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3221> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0300> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/40> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0301> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/16> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2003> .
:TermComp-5818f8c8-c70e-4e0f-bdf2-d8e12b1d586f
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "Verbindung"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:feminine ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-5818f8c8-c70e-4e0f-bdf2-d8e12b1d586f .
:Verkehr-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Verkehr-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Verkehr-de#Sense> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/ties-en#Sense>
ontolex:reference :524924 .
<http://freme-project.eu/#char=35,42>
a nif:RFC5147String ;
nif:anchorOf "complex"@en ;
nif:annotationUnit [ rdfs:label "complexing"@en , "complex"@en ;
itsrdf:taConfidence 0.7095
] ;
nif:beginIndex "35"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:endIndex "42"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:referenceContext <http://freme-project.eu/#char=0,68> ;
itsrdf:term "yes" ;
itsrdf:termInfoRef :637565 , :520757 , :989213 , <http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_28303> , :980565 .
:komplexieren-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/komplexieren-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/komplexieren-de#Sense> .
:602470 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "Community law"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0107> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/1011> .
:TermCompList-df2532d5-fb80-47dd-8e3d-5e116b76204b
decomp:constituent :TermComp-43279fac-7413-4235-915e-b8e6b7210e6c ;
decomp:identifies <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Aufl%C3%B6sungsverm%C3%B6gen-de> .
:583736 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "natural and applied sciences"@en , "mechanical engineering"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2100> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1504> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/6821> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3606> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Informationspolitik-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Informationspolitik"@de .
:498844 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "natural and applied sciences"@en , "mechanical engineering"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2100> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1504> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/6821> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3606> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kommunikationstechnologie-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :1147755 .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Qualit%C3%A4tsmanagementsystem-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :1136787 , :1136706 .
:Kommunikationen-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kommunikationen-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kommunikationen-de#Sense> .
:Ordnung-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Ordnung-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Ordnung-de#Sense> .
:1170124 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "Umweltmanagementsysteme"@en , "Lenoch code: EN"@en ;
tbx:definition "Informationsaustausch über Umweltaktivitäten innerhalb der Organisation und mit Anspruchsgruppen und interessierten Kreisen."@en , "A very important aspect of any system is the transfer of information. Communication is meant to ensure that information between internal and external organizations is properly transferred."@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1100> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/5206> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/52> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Ordnung-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Ordnung"@de .
:1136773 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "technology and technical regulations"@en , "ISO 9000 3.10.1"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1500> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/6411> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/communications-en#Sense>
ontolex:reference :832754 , :652572 , :639354 , :637573 , :560499 , :2773453 , :1147755 .
:ability-en a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/ability-en#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/ability-en#Sense> .
:Kraft-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kraft-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kraft-de#Sense> .
:652572 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "environmental policy"@en ;
tbx:definition "The concept, science, technique and process of transmitting, receiving or otherwise exchanging information and data."@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1100> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/5206> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/F%C3%A4higkeit-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Fähigkeit"@de .
:TermCompList-dd40f291-3f07-4f6f-b6dd-3072e0085dd7
decomp:constituent :TermComp-5818f8c8-c70e-4e0f-bdf2-d8e12b1d586f ;
decomp:identifies :Nachrichtenverkehr-de .
:XReference-8b82c37c-2a12-4966-bbce-c324c94300dd
tbx:target <http://www.eurotermbank.com/Collection.aspx?collectionid=229> ;
tbx:value "Automatikos terminų žodynas" .
:TermCompList-4acb4c02-e51f-4232-ba5e-75282cc03a57
decomp:constituent :TermComp-5ab501fc-1a41-46a6-b8c6-1a0f9f345033 ;
decomp:identifies <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Aufl%C3%B6sungsverm%C3%B6gen-de> .
:404196 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "information and information processing"@en , "natural and applied sciences"@en , "information technology and data processing"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3236> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3231> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2100> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1501> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3606> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2000> .
:TermCompList-a2acedd5-83e4-4fec-8829-38eef1275f30
decomp:constituent :TermComp-66ffb4dd-f28a-4c26-888e-4c58ad7b83ff ;
decomp:identifies :System-de .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Sprache-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :615531 , :526364 , :395395 , :351619 , :2894218 , :1224149 , :1154712 .
:TermComp-2b0d037b-2ea8-4a8f-b433-e0cd2be802ba
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "System"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:neuter ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-2b0d037b-2ea8-4a8f-b433-e0cd2be802ba .
:989213 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "CH - Chemistry (sn: chemistry as pure science; us: for applied chemistry, see: IC) (Lenoch classification); BAA - road building (Lenoch classification); TR5 - land transport - road traffic (sn: other than railways; rf: for vehicle industry, see: INT5 and INT6) (Lenoch classification); EN9 - air pollution (Lenoch classification); JUF - canon law (Lenoch classification); JU71 - social security law (nt: social security law in restricted sense) (Lenoch classification);"@en ;
tbx:example "For group A products the retinol is determined by spectrophotometry at 610 nm after development of a coloured complex according to the Carr-Price reaction."@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/12> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1509> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/52> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/unknown> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1100> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3606> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/48> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2100> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0200> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/komplexieren-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "komplexieren"@de .
:TermCompList-ba02c452-c607-472b-b3e1-77a7a3fae5fd
decomp:constituent :TermComp-679a8b24-a94c-4533-abc6-c9b412247a44 ;
decomp:identifies :Kommunikationen-de .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/capability-en#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "capability"@en .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/way+of+life-en#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "way of life"@en .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/resolving+power-en#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "resolving power"@en .
:TermComp-2b153529-d228-455c-973b-13d60986371d
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "Komplex"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:masculine ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-2b153529-d228-455c-973b-13d60986371d .
:2800909 a skos:Concept ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2000> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3611002> .
:TermComp-a14828bc-36a6-4860-a34e-e88b2a30e065
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "System"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:neuter ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-a14828bc-36a6-4860-a34e-e88b2a30e065 .
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ontolex:writtenRep "Kurzreferat"@de .
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decomp:constituent :TermComp-89f7570c-8a13-4779-8cc7-1d3229fefca8 ;
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:TermCompList-38420f32-e773-4c16-8d4f-476bd882818b
decomp:constituent :TermComp-5ad40061-833d-4b27-a308-f77517ebb817 ;
decomp:identifies :System-de .
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rdfs:comment "FINANCE"@en , "ECONOMICS"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0303> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0300> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/24> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/16> .
<http://freme-project.eu/#char=0,8>
a nif:RFC5147String ;
nif:anchorOf "Language"@en ;
nif:annotationUnit [ rdfs:label "languages"@en , "language"@en ;
itsrdf:taConfidence 0.3508
] ;
nif:beginIndex "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:endIndex "8"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:referenceContext <http://freme-project.eu/#char=0,68> ;
itsrdf:term "yes" ;
itsrdf:termInfoRef :351619 , :1154712 , <http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_330836> , :2894218 , :1224149 , :615531 , :526364 , :395395 .
:639431 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "FINANCE"@en , "ECONOMICS"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0303> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0300> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/24> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/16> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/capability-en#Sense>
ontolex:reference :639494 .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kurzreferat-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :2899318 .
:559926 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "ENERGY"@en , "66 ENERGY; EL"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1200> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/66> .
:639381 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "FINANCE"@en , "ECONOMICS"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0303> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0300> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/24> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/16> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/system-en#Sense>
ontolex:reference :3448811 , :1159419 , :780143 , :1232174 , :559926 , :498844 , :497037 , :1136704 , :1136787 , :589161 , :1136785 , :525977 , :404196 , :2800909 , :1232173 , :1136773 , :1136706 , :525260 , :639431 .
:TermCompList-ffb16527-0863-40ed-8031-c6b281db7156
decomp:constituent :TermComp-63377294-41ab-41fc-a06d-2f50f2989de4 ;
decomp:identifies <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Aufl%C3%B6sungsverm%C3%B6gen-de> .
:1143853 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "Messe"@en , "Lenoch code: COD"@en ;
tbx:definition "Unter Kommunikation wird die �bermittlung von Informationen und Bedeutungsinhalten zum Zweck der Steuerung von Meinungen, Einstellungen, Erwartungen und Verhaltensweisen bestimmter Adressaten gemä� spezifischer Zielsetzung verstanden."@en , "The process of imparting information from an information source to an information destination as a basis for control and decision making (e. g. exchange of ideas, concepts, feelings, etc. between two or more persons)."@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0304> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/20> .
:2737863 a skos:Concept ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1100> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/52> .
:DescripGrp-c346be4c-157d-45ce-a47c-361996043a39
a tbx:Descrip ;
tbx:lemma "System"@en ;
tbx:normalizedForm "System"@en ;
tbx:normalizedMSD "NN"@en ;
tbx:surfaceForm "System"@en ;
tbx:surfaceMSD "NN"@en .
:Stichwortverzeichnis-System-de
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Stichwortverzeichnis-System-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Stichwortverzeichnis-System-de#Sense> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Aufl%C3%B6sungsverm%C3%B6gen-de>
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Aufl%C3%B6sungsverm%C3%B6gen-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Aufl%C3%B6sungsverm%C3%B6gen-de#Sense> .
:TermComp-c5e8136f-a5c9-4d50-a289-88c1c8ff9ac5
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "Verkehr"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:masculine ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-c5e8136f-a5c9-4d50-a289-88c1c8ff9ac5 .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Bekanntmachung-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :836615 .
:1159419 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "Wirtschaft|Materialwirtschaft: Einkauf"@en , "Lenoch code: EC"@en ;
tbx:definition "Menge von Elementen, zwischen denen Beziehungen bestehen. Diese Beziehungen können z. B. logischer, philosophischer, ästhetischer oder physikalischer Art sein."@en , "In business management, an organized collection of parts, or subsystems, that are united by regular interaction."@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0300> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/16> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Nachrichten%C3%BCbermittlung-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Nachrichtenübermittlung"@de .
:TermCompList-62a236e4-7ab9-4041-8c60-b9a06a8c3cbe
decomp:constituent :TermComp-d3e352a8-7875-49b7-8d87-019e9042a06b ;
decomp:identifies :Sprache-de .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Nachrichtenverkehr-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Nachrichtenverkehr"@de .
:TermComp-66ffb4dd-f28a-4c26-888e-4c58ad7b83ff
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "System"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:neuter ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-66ffb4dd-f28a-4c26-888e-4c58ad7b83ff .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/resolving+power-en>
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/resolving+power-en#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/resolving+power-en#Sense> .
:capability-en a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/capability-en#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/capability-en#Sense> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Informationspolitik-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :2737863 .
:351619 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "LAW"@en , "POLITICS"@en , "SCIENCE"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0100> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/36> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0200> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2100> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/12> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/unknown> .
:2899318 a skos:Concept ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/unknown> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1000> .
:525457 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "ECONOMICS"@en , "BUSINESS AND COMPETITION"@en , "documentation"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0301> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2003> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0300> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/16> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/40> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3221> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Mitteilung-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :602470 .
:TermCompList-9f3fc9c1-9583-49a0-b1d1-17df9104283e
decomp:constituent :TermComp-c58256fb-6d2c-4fe5-bd16-02d5ace67da9 ;
decomp:identifies :Nachrichtenverkehr-de .
:615531 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "information and information processing"@en , "humanities"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2000> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3611> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3231> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Mitteilungen+-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Mitteilungen "@de .
:525140 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "documentation"@en , "BUSINESS AND COMPETITION"@en , "ECONOMICS"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0301> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/16> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2003> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3221> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/40> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0300> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Stichwortverzeichnis-System-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :1136785 , :1136704 .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Stichwortverzeichnis-System-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Stichwortverzeichnis-System"@de .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/telecommunication-en#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "telecommunication"@en .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Nachrichtenverkehr-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :402815 .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Komplex-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Komplex"@de .
:589161 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "natural and applied sciences"@en , "mechanical engineering"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2100> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1504> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/6821> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3606> .
:1232173 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "information technology and data processing"@en ;
tbx:definition "Any application or process that you want to model. Examples of systems include a computer game, a process for assembling microchips, and a library information system."@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1501> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3236> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/F%C3%A4higkeit-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :639494 .
:1154712 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "Lenoch code: SO"@en , "interkulturelle Kommunikation"@en ;
tbx:definition "System von Lauten, die durch Atemluft und Sprechwerkzeuge des Menschen hervorgebracht werden und zum Ausdruck von Gedanken, Gefühlen, Willensregungen usw. dienen, wichtigstes Verständigungsmittel der Menschen untereinander"@en , "system of sounds, words, patterns, etc used by humans to communicate thoughts and feelings"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2000> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3611> .
:1224149 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "information technology and data processing"@en ;
tbx:definition "An artificial language that specifies instructions to be executed on a computer. The term covers a wide spectrum, from binary-coded machine language to high-level languages."@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1501> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3236> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/communications-en#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "communications"@en .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Verbindungen-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Verbindungen"@de .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kommunikationen-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Kommunikationen"@de .
:Kurzvortrag-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
tbx:reliabilityCode 1 ;
<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#termType>
<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#fullForm> ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kurzvortrag-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kurzvortrag-de#Sense> .
:2773453 a skos:Concept ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1100> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/52> .
:1136787 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "technology and technical regulations"@en , "ISO 9000 3.2.3."@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1500> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/6411> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Verm%C3%B6gen-de>
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Verm%C3%B6gen-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Verm%C3%B6gen-de#Sense> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/telecommunication-en#Sense>
ontolex:reference :402815 .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/ties-en#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "ties"@en .
:TermCompList-8ca60690-48fc-466c-b73d-65c279d4f96d
decomp:constituent :TermComp-a14828bc-36a6-4860-a34e-e88b2a30e065 ;
decomp:identifies :System-de .
:Bekanntmachung-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Bekanntmachung-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Bekanntmachung-de#Sense> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kommunikation-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Kommunikation"@de .
:TermCompList-4ecf9d06-8570-4c4a-8f06-f317a99a79c6
decomp:constituent :TermComp-772af791-2a24-4812-8416-ee334276f2d0 ;
decomp:identifies <https://term.tilde.com/terms/F%C3%A4higkeit-de> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kommunikation-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :1430544 , :560499 , :1163426 , :1151652 , :652572 , :1161469 , :1143853 , :1154711 , :2773453 , :1170124 .
:ties-en a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/ties-en#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/ties-en#Sense> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Fertigkeit-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :523970 .
:System-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
tbx:description :DescripGrp-c346be4c-157d-45ce-a47c-361996043a39 ;
tbx:example "Programmpakete auf ihrem<hi>System</hi>zu vereinfachen. Dazu"^^<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns##XMLLiteral> , "und auf dem<hi>System</hi>einzuspielen und b)"^^<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns##XMLLiteral> , "verwalten und das<hi>System</hi>vollständig pflegen. Jedoch"^^<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns##XMLLiteral> , "wieder aus dem<hi>System</hi>zu entfernen. Ersteres"^^<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns##XMLLiteral> ;
tbx:msd "NN"@en ;
tbx:reliabilityCode 1 ;
tbx:surface "System"@en ;
tbx:xSource <http://taas.eurotermbank.com/extractor> ;
<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#termType>
<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#fullForm> ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/System-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/System-de#Sense> .
:system-en a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
tbx:reliabilityCode 1 ;
tbx:xSource <http://www.eurotermbank.com/Collection.aspx?collectionid=392> , <http://www.eurotermbank.com/Collection.aspx?collectionid=229> ;
tbx:xreference :XReference-8b82c37c-2a12-4966-bbce-c324c94300dd , :XReference-2a55e1cc-99f7-4c96-aa7c-7abb01612591 ;
<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#termType>
<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#fullForm> ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/system-en#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/system-en#Sense> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kurzvortrag-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Kurzvortrag"@de .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/System-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "System"@de .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/System-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :2800909 , :559926 , :639431 , :497037 , :404196 , :525260 , :589161 , :780143 , :498844 , :525977 , :1232173 , :1232174 , :3448811 , :1159419 .
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a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Nachrichtenverkehr-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Nachrichtenverkehr-de#Sense> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/language-en#Sense>
ontolex:reference :615531 , :526364 , :395395 , :351619 , :2894218 , :1224149 , :1154712 .
:832754 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "international trade"@en , "European organisations"@en , "Community law"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0304> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0107> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/7611> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/2021> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/1011> .
:TermCompList-e7dbcbef-aff5-40dd-a767-6fb2b35e2770
decomp:constituent :TermComp-2b0d037b-2ea8-4a8f-b433-e0cd2be802ba ;
decomp:identifies :System-de .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Bekanntmachung-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Bekanntmachung"@de .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/complex-en#Sense>
ontolex:reference :989213 , :980565 , :637565 , :520757 .
:TermComp-5ab501fc-1a41-46a6-b8c6-1a0f9f345033
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "Auflösung"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:feminine ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-5ab501fc-1a41-46a6-b8c6-1a0f9f345033 .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Qualit%C3%A4tsmanagementsystem-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Qualitätsmanagementsystem"@de .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Beziehungen-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Beziehungen"@de .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Beziehungen-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :524924 .
:telecommunication-en
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/telecommunication-en#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/telecommunication-en#Sense> .
:TermComp-d3e352a8-7875-49b7-8d87-019e9042a06b
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
rdfs:label "Sprache"@en ;
tbx:grammaticalGender tbx:feminine ;
decomp:identifies :TermComp-d3e352a8-7875-49b7-8d87-019e9042a06b .
:497037 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "natural and applied sciences"@en , "mechanical engineering"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2100> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1504> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/6821> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3606> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Verm%C3%B6gen-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :583736 .
:1136706 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "technology and technical regulations"@en , "ISO 9000 3.2.3."@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1500> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/6411> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Ordnung-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :519525 .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Aufl%C3%B6sungsverm%C3%B6gen-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Auflösungsvermögen"@de .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kurzvortrag-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :2899318 .
:1147755 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "Lenoch code: CO"@en , "E-Commerce"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0304> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/20> .
:Beziehungen-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Beziehungen-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Beziehungen-de#Sense> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Verbindungen-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :639354 .
:de a ontolex:Lexicon ;
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ontolex:reference :637565 , :520757 .
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<https://term.tilde.com/terms/skill-en#Sense>
ontolex:reference :523970 .
:1136785 a skos:Concept ;
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ontolex:writtenRep "der Komplex"@de .
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a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
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rdfs:comment "ECONOMICS"@en , "BUSINESS AND COMPETITION"@en , "documentation"@en ;
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a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
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ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
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a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
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<https://term.tilde.com/terms/way+of+life-en#Sense>
ontolex:reference :519525 .
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<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Aufl%C3%B6sungsverm%C3%B6gen-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :391449 .
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ontolex:writtenRep "complex"@en .
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ontolex:reference :2737863 .
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<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#fullForm> ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/communication-en#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/communication-en#Sense> .
:637565 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "FINANCE"@en , "ECONOMICS"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0303> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0300> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/24> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/16> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Mess%C3%BCberwachungssystem-de>
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Mess%C3%BCberwachungssystem-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Mess%C3%BCberwachungssystem-de#Sense> .
After processing the output, the following terms are found: Language, ability, complex, systems, communication. It is recommended to use and exploit any RDF graph libraries or related solutions to process the Linked data returned directly by e-service.
Step 2 - Understanding the output of e-Terminology
The result of e-Terminology can be divided in 2 parts:
- Term annotations with references to terminology entries in the term.tilde.com platform. Annotations done using NIF ontology including ITS 2.0 data categories.
- Terminology data, terminology concepts with full information about terms, converted from TBX to OntoLex Lemon format.
OntoLex (Lemon)
The classical Lemon model contains Lexicon for each language with Lexical entries, Lexical senses and Lexical forms. However, terminology resources are mostly concept based and organised in collections, and therefore the e-Terminology data model extends the classical Lemon model with concepts, its definition and their mappings to the collection and domain classification system.
Annotated objects in NIF are referencing to a concept (SKOS:Concept object) with a reference itsrdf:termInfoRef.
In the case of multilingual enrichment, when the target language is not the same as the source language, there are two lexicons and the structure of the result becomes more complicated.
NIF annotations
Annotations use NIF ontology and ITS 2.0 data categories. Each term mention or annotated term is an object in NIF containing
-
a reference
nif:referenceContext
to its original text; - a start and end index in its source text
nif:beginIndex
andnif:endIndex
-
a data category
itsrdf:term
with value"yes"
, indicating that this is a term; -
references (URIs) to the original terms (concepts), using
itsrdf:termInfoRef
; -
information about annotation in
nif:annotationUnit
:- the canonical form of the term
rdf:label
; - Term frequency–inverse document frequency(tf-rdf) score
itsrdf:taConficence
against whole language corpora. The score is between 0 and 1, where 1 means a more specific term and 0 means more generality for the term.
- the canonical form of the term
Each term annotation contains URI to its original terminology entry or concept. By default it returns HTML markup for the term. But it is possible to also get RDF in Turtle syntax by appenfing extension .ttl, so the full concept is also downloadable via https://term.tilde.com/terms/351619.ttl
Result examples
NIF - term annotation
Example of NIF annotation - term ability has been annotated, and 6 term references have been added: 5 term references to term.tilde.com terminology and one reference to the AgroVoc database.
<http://freme-project.eu/#char=16,23>
a nif:RFC5147String ;
nif:anchorOf "ability"@en ;
nif:annotationUnit [ rdfs:label "ability"@en ;
itsrdf:taConfidence 0.8488
] ;
nif:beginIndex "16"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:endIndex "23"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:referenceContext <http://freme-project.eu/#char=0,68> ;
itsrdf:term "yes" ;
itsrdf:termInfoRef <https://term.tilde.com/terms/639494> , <https://term.tilde.com/terms/523970> , <https://term.tilde.com/terms/583736> ,
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/391449> , <http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49830> , <https://term.tilde.com/terms/525457> .
The original form of term annotation contains the category nif:anchorOf
. The markup says that the term is located from the index 16 to 23 of original text, and the term frequency score is 0.8488.
Each URI can be discovered and retrieved from the URI, e.g https://term.tilde.com/terms/523970 can be downloaded as Turtle via https://term.tilde.com/terms/523970.ttl. But in most cases, the e-Terminology result contains full information and that content is already added to the output.
SKOS Concept - term entry
The terminology entry has been expressed as SKOS:Concept
. It can contain definitions and mappings to domain classification systems.
:523970 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "ECONOMICS"@en , "Original termEntry ID: termnet15id841366"@en , "BUSINESS AND COMPETITION"@en , "documentation"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/16> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/40> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2000> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/3221> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0301> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0300> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-2003> .
Note: In the top of results there are list of prefixes. Results can contain a default prefix @prefix : <https://term.tilde.com/terms/> .
definied in the header, and must be used for URI generation of local objects starting with ":". So this concept URI is https://term.tilde.com/terms/523970. It is automatically resolved by every RDF processor.
This Concept contains some concept level comments and references tbx:subjectfield
to domain classification systems.
References, containing https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS- are mappings to the TaaS domain classification system (mandatory for each entry), and those without "TaaS-" are mappings to the IATE domains classification system (optional).
OntoLex Lemon structures for English
LexiconEnglish Lexicon contains a reference to the Lexical entry of the term
:en a ontolex:Lexicon ;
ontolex:entry :skill-en ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> .
Lexical entry
Lexical entry contains a reference to the canonical form of the term and a reference to sense
:skill-en a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/523970/skill-en#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/523970/skill-en#Sense> .
Lexical sense
Lexical sense contains a reference ontolex:reference
to its concept SKOS:Concept
:
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/523970/skill-en#Sense>
ontolex:reference :523970 .
Canonical form
English canonical term form is skill
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/523970/skill-en#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "skill"@en .
OntoLex Lemon structures for German
LexiconGerman lexicon contains a reference to the Lexical entry of the German representation of the term
:de a ontolex:Lexicon ;
ontolex:entry :Fertigkeit-de ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> .
Lexical entry
Lexical entry has a reference to the canonical form of the German term and a reference to the sense of the German representation:
:Fertigkeit-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/523970/Fertigkeit-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/523970/Fertigkeit-de#Sense> .
Lexical sense
Lexical sense of the German term has a reference to the concept.
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/523970/Fertigkeit-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :523970 .
Canonical form
German canonical term form is Fertigkeit
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/523970/Fertigkeit-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Fertigkeit"@de .
SPARQL queries for e-terminology results
A raw e-Terminology result processing with text or xml processors is not easy, and therefore we suggest to query results with RDF graph functionality or any SPARQL query engine.
SPARQL examples:
Query to get a list of concepts and all written representations in German and English.PREFIX nif: <http://persistence.uni-leipzig.org/nlp2rdf/ontologies/nif-core#>
PREFIX its: <http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its/rdf#>
PREFIX ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#>
PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
CONSTRUCT {
?concept a skos:Concept;
ontolex:writtenRep ?writtenRep_de;
ontolex:writtenRep ?writtenRep_en}
WHERE {
?lexicon_de a ontolex:Lexicon.
?lexicon_de ontolex:entry ?entry_de.
?entry_de ontolex:canonicalForm ?canonicalForm_de.
?canonicalForm_de ontolex:writtenRep ?writtenRep_de.
?entry_de ontolex:sense ?sense_de.
?sense_de ontolex:reference ?concept.
?lexicon_de
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> .
?entry_en ontolex:sense ?sense_en.
?entry_en ontolex:canonicalForm ?canonicalForm_en.
?canonicalForm_en ontolex:writtenRep ?writtenRep_en.
?sense_en ontolex:reference ?concept.
}
This query will return ID of term (concept), English term and German term that was mentioned in the source text.
Query to get all entries from the German lexiconPREFIX nif: <http://persistence.uni-leipzig.org/nlp2rdf/ontologies/nif-core#>
PREFIX its: <http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its/rdf#>
PREFIX ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#>
CONSTRUCT { ?entry ontolex:writtenRep ?writtenRep. }
WHERE {
?lexicon a ontolex:Lexicon.
?lexicon ontolex:entry ?entry.
?entry ontolex:canonicalForm ?canonicalForm.
?canonicalForm ontolex:writtenRep ?writtenRep.
?lexicon
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> .
}
Query to get all annotations for the underlying concepts and written representations in source and target languages.
PREFIX nif: <http://persistence.uni-leipzig.org/nlp2rdf/ontologies/nif-core#>
PREFIX its: <http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its/rdf#>
PREFIX ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#>
PREFIX skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#>
PREFIX itsrdf: <http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its/rdf#>
PREFIX tbx: <http://tbx2rdf.lider-project.eu/tbx#>
CONSTRUCT { ?annotationString ?concept ?writtenRep }
WHERE {
?annotationString a nif:RFC5147String.
?annotationString its:termInfoRef ?concept.
?concept tbx:definition ?definition.
?concept a skos:Concept.
?sense ontolex:reference ?concept.
?entry ontolex:sense ?sense.
?entry ontolex:canonicalForm ?canonicalForm.
?canonicalForm ontolex:writtenRep ?writtenRep.
}
Using SPARQL filters functionality of FREME
The Freme server already provides built-in SPARQL querying over returned results of RDF. For more details, read the following knowledge base article Simplify FREME output using SPARQL filters
First check the available filters to see if any already provide the needed data structure. If not, you have to create a new filter by uploading new SPARQL query.
When the filter is set, it can be used on every e-Terminology request by adding it as a query parameter &filter={filter_name}
Step 3 - advanced usage of e-Terminology
Try out different settings of e-Terminology online in the Simple API Documentation page or in the Full Documentation page.
Specify domain
Filters out annotated terms by selecting certain domain from the TaaS domain classification system. Please set the ID of the target domain listed here: term.tilde.com/domains
All domains start with "TaaS-". In the following example, the domain will be set to Agriculture and foodstuff with id TaaS-1000
HTML Request
POST /current/e-terminology/tilde?source-lang=en&target-lang=de&domain=TaaS-1000 HTTP/1.1
Host: api.freme-project.eu
Accept: text/turtle
Content-Type: text/plain
Language is the ability to acquire complex systems of communication.
Curl
curl -X POST -H "Accept: text/turtle" -H "Content-Type: text/plain" -d 'Language is the ability to acquire complex systems of communication.' "https://api.freme-project.eu/current/e-terminology/tilde?source-lang=en&target-lang=de&domain=TaaS-1000"
Result
@prefix cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#> .
@prefix : <https://term.tilde.com/terms/> .
@prefix void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix its: <http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its> .
@prefix itsrdf: <http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its/rdf#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix nif: <http://persistence.uni-leipzig.org/nlp2rdf/ontologies/nif-core#> .
@prefix tbx: <http://tbx2rdf.lider-project.eu/tbx#> .
@prefix decomp: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/decomp#> .
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#> .
@prefix ldr: <http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#> .
@prefix odrl: <http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/> .
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
<http://freme-project.eu/#char=54,67>
a nif:RFC5147String ;
nif:anchorOf "communication"@en ;
nif:annotationUnit [ rdfs:label "communication"@en ;
itsrdf:taConfidence 1
] ;
nif:beginIndex "54"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:endIndex "67"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:referenceContext <http://freme-project.eu/#char=0,68> ;
itsrdf:term "yes" ;
itsrdf:termInfoRef :2899318 .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/communication-en#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "communication"@en .
: a dcat:Dataset , tbx:MartifHeader ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source>
"" ;
dct:type "TBX" ;
tbx:encodingDesc "<p type=\"XCSURI\">http://www.ttt.org/oscarstandards/tbx/TBXXCS.xcs</p>"^^<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns##XMLLiteral> ;
tbx:sourceDesc "<sourceDesc><p/></sourceDesc>"^^<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns##XMLLiteral> .
:2899318 a skos:Concept ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/unknown> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-1000> .
:communication-en a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
tbx:reliabilityCode 1 ;
<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#termType>
<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#fullForm> ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/communication-en#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/communication-en#Sense> .
:Kurzreferat-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
tbx:reliabilityCode 1 ;
<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#termType>
<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#fullForm> ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kurzreferat-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kurzreferat-de#Sense> .
:de a ontolex:Lexicon ;
ontolex:entry :Kurzvortrag-de , :Kurzreferat-de ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/communication-en#Sense>
ontolex:reference :2899318 .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kurzvortrag-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :2899318 .
:Kurzvortrag-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
tbx:reliabilityCode 1 ;
<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#termType>
<http://www.lexinfo.net/ontology/2.0/lexinfo#fullForm> ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kurzvortrag-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kurzvortrag-de#Sense> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kurzvortrag-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Kurzvortrag"@de .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kurzreferat-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Kurzreferat"@de .
<http://freme-project.eu/#char=0,68>
a nif:String , nif:RFC5147String , nif:Context ;
nif:beginIndex "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:endIndex "68"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:isString "Language is the ability to acquire complex systems of communication."@en .
:en a ontolex:Lexicon ;
ontolex:entry :communication-en ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Kurzreferat-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :2899318 .
After processing the output, only these terms are found:communication with German translations Kurzreferat and Kurzvortrag
Specify collection
Choose to annotate with a certain collection. Please set the ID of your collection. The ID of a collection is visible in the term.tilde.com portal under the Terms section.
The next example will use the collection Official terminology of the European Union, English–Hungarian–French–German with id 353
:
HTML Request
POST /current/e-terminology/tilde?source-lang=en&target-lang=de&collection=353 HTTP/1.1
Host: api.freme-project.eu
Accept: text/turtle
Content-Type: text/plain
Language is the ability to acquire complex systems of communication.
Curl
curl -X POST -H "Accept: text/turtle" -H "Content-Type: text/plain" -d 'Language is the ability to acquire complex systems of communication.' "https://api.freme-project.eu/current/e-terminology/tilde?source-lang=en&target-lang=de&collection=353"
Result
@prefix cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#> .
@prefix : <https://term.tilde.com/terms/> .
@prefix void: <http://rdfs.org/ns/void#> .
@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix its: <http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its> .
@prefix itsrdf: <http://www.w3.org/2005/11/its/rdf#> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix nif: <http://persistence.uni-leipzig.org/nlp2rdf/ontologies/nif-core#> .
@prefix tbx: <http://tbx2rdf.lider-project.eu/tbx#> .
@prefix decomp: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/decomp#> .
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix ontolex: <http://www.w3.org/ns/lemon/ontolex#> .
@prefix ldr: <http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ldr/ns#> .
@prefix odrl: <http://www.w3.org/ns/odrl/2/> .
@prefix dcat: <http://www.w3.org/ns/dcat#> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/communication-en#Sense>
ontolex:reference :836615 .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Nachrichten%C3%BCbermittlung-de>
a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Nachrichten%C3%BCbermittlung-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Nachrichten%C3%BCbermittlung-de#Sense> .
:de a ontolex:Lexicon ;
ontolex:entry <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Nachrichten%C3%BCbermittlung-de> , :Bekanntmachung-de ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/communication-en#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "communication"@en .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/communications-en#Sense>
ontolex:reference :832754 .
:communication-en a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/communication-en#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/communication-en#Sense> .
<http://freme-project.eu/#char=0,68>
a nif:String , nif:RFC5147String , nif:Context ;
nif:beginIndex "0"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:endIndex "68"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:isString "Language is the ability to acquire complex systems of communication."@en .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Nachrichten%C3%BCbermittlung-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Nachrichtenübermittlung"@de .
:836615 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "international trade"@en , "European organisations"@en , "Community law"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0304> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0107> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/7611> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/2021> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/1011> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Bekanntmachung-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :836615 .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Bekanntmachung-de#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "Bekanntmachung"@de .
:Bekanntmachung-de a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Bekanntmachung-de#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/ger/deu> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/Bekanntmachung-de#Sense> .
:en a ontolex:Lexicon ;
ontolex:entry :communications-en , :communication-en ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> .
:832754 a skos:Concept ;
rdfs:comment "international trade"@en , "European organisations"@en , "Community law"@en ;
tbx:subjectField <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0304> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/TaaS-0107> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/7611> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/2021> , <https://term.tilde.com/domains/1011> .
:communications-en a ontolex:LexicalEntry ;
ontolex:canonicalForm <https://term.tilde.com/terms/communications-en#CanonicalForm> ;
ontolex:language <http://www.lexvo.org/page/iso639-3/eng> ;
ontolex:sense <https://term.tilde.com/terms/communications-en#Sense> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/communications-en#CanonicalForm>
ontolex:writtenRep "communications"@en .
<http://freme-project.eu/#char=54,67>
a nif:RFC5147String ;
nif:anchorOf "communication"@en ;
nif:annotationUnit [ rdfs:label "communications"@en , "communication"@en ;
itsrdf:taConfidence 1
] ;
nif:beginIndex "54"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:endIndex "67"^^xsd:nonNegativeInteger ;
nif:referenceContext <http://freme-project.eu/#char=0,68> ;
itsrdf:term "yes" ;
itsrdf:termInfoRef :836615 , :832754 .
: a dcat:Dataset , tbx:MartifHeader ;
<http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/source>
"" ;
dct:type "TBX" ;
tbx:encodingDesc "<p type=\"XCSURI\">http://www.ttt.org/oscarstandards/tbx/TBXXCS.xcs</p>"^^<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns##XMLLiteral> ;
tbx:sourceDesc "<sourceDesc><p/></sourceDesc>"^^<http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns##XMLLiteral> .
<https://term.tilde.com/terms/Nachrichten%C3%BCbermittlung-de#Sense>
ontolex:reference :832754 .
After processing the output, there is only one term found: communication with German translation Bekanntmachung
Use your private collection
You can use your private and proprietary collection and still keep it secure and protected. In order to use your private collection, you have to set your private key along with a request using query parameter &key={you_private_key}
A private key can be obtained here: create key for term.tilde.com. A registered account is required, which can be done in only a few steps.